However, under pathological conditions activated STAT3 has been implicated in hematological and non-hematological tumors, largely through promotion of autocrine IL-6 signaling and secretion that drives cancer progression and multidrug resistance (Koudstaal et al., 1967; Buettner et al., 2002; Yu and Jove, 2004; Yeh et al., 2006; Al Zaid Siddiquee and Turkson, 2008; Huang et al., 2010; Mace et al., 2013; Cheng et al., 2016). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is cancer.