Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine–mediated signaling pathways are involved in the malignant transformation of tumor cells.21, 22 In addition, IL‐1 produced by tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) is an inflammatory cytokine and can lead to the expression of NF‐κB‐regulated genes, such as VEGF‐A, in chondrosarcoma cells.23, 24 Our study showed that KYSE410 cells have a high expression of IL‐1α; when IL‐1RA was overexpressed, the expression of VEGF‐A, which has been reported to promote angiogenesis, was reduced. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is neoplasm.