Many ICB therapeutic response prediction biomarkers have also been developed in other cancers and subsequently applied to bladder cancer anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy as mentioned early (see supplementary material, Table S2), such as TML, initially identified in melanoma, lung, and colon cancer studies 61, 195, 196, 197, 198. Here, PDCD1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.