In melanoma cells, PVSRIPO effectively evades the innate immune response, where other related viruses such as Enchephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) cannot, and the mechanism of this is independent of melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) [60]. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is melanoma.