Treatment at these concentrations also lead to a substantial reduction in pharmacodynamic biomarkers in HSJD-DIPG-007 xenograft tumours, showing a near-ablation of phospho-SMAD1/5/8 and ID1 with LDN-193189, and to a lesser extent with LDN-214117 (Fig. 5d, h; Supplementary Fig. 3). The gene discussed is SMAD1; the disease is neoplasm.