Another study from Russia examined whether CDKAL1 polymorphisms modified the relationship between lifestyles including food consumption, physical activity, and smoking as well as GDM risk and it did not find significant interactions; however, results from this study suggest that the association of sausage consumption with GDM risk can be determined based on the number of risk alleles of rs1799884 in GCK [22]. Here, CDKAL1 is linked to gestational diabetes.