NFE2L2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Also, recent data indicate that the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a gene frequently amplified in HCC, can activate a cytoprotective response against ER stress by triggering a FGFR4/GSK3β/NRF2 signaling cascade in cultured HCC cells and in a xenograft mouse model [258].