KEAP1 and lung carcinoma: Later studies conducted on lung cancer cell lines with KEAP1 (A549 and H2126) or NRF2 (EBC1 and LK2) mutations demonstrated that the sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway was accompanied by increased NRF2 mRNA levels and NRF2 nuclear accumulation leading to metabolic reprogramming, enhanced cell proliferation, and apoptosis evasion [101].