TNFSF11 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: As shown in Figure 9, there were significant differences of the positive staining area of OPG, RUNX 2, and RANKL between T1DM-ICA and T1DM group (p < 0.05), indicating that ICA supplementation could effectively reduce RANKL and increase the levels of OPG and RUNX 2 in the bone tissue of diabetic rats.