STAT3 and diabetes mellitus: Furthermore, PF is reported to play an essential protective role in both DM-associated macrovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction via the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1/calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway [19], and DM-associated microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy with renal protective effects by prevention of TLR2/4-mediated inflammation [20] or inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway [21].