After adjusting for anti-NANP IgG concentration, the correlation with protection from first (Fig. 6b) and recurrent malaria events (Fig. 6d) of anti-HBsAg IgG concentration continued to be strong suggesting that the association was independent of the correlation between anti-HBsAg IgG and anti-NANP IgG concentrations. The gene discussed is NANP; the disease is malaria.