Frequent abnormalities in retinal tissues of DM subjects comprise higher levels of anti-pericyte and anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies, increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), several pro-inflammatory interleukins and lymphokines in the serum and vitreous, increased deposits of immunoglobulins in pre-retinal membranes and activation of complement system [23]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and diabetes mellitus.