TJP1 and ischemic stroke: However, in addition to its neuroprotective effects, PDGF-BB has also been recognized as a vascular permeability factor that can lead to endothelial barrier dysfunction in an ischemic stroke model [47], Moreover, cocaine-mediated induction of PDGF-BB in hBMECs was reported to result in BBB damage by decreasing ZO-1 expression [48].