Interestingly, cancers that showed epigenetic silencing of BRCA1 (n = 32, 995) or RAD51C (n = 23, 995), or that carried germline PALB2 (n = 3, 995) or RAD51C (n = 1, 995) mutations, also displayed an increased contribution from CS-3. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.