PTEN and heart failure: Interestingly, our western blot and immunohistochemical analyses in the present study demonstrated that hexarelin upregulates PTEN activation by increasing the expression of PTEN with a corresponding decrease in the level of PTEN phosphorylation to attenuate CAL-induced myocardial remodeling and heart failure in rats, which strongly indicates that PTEN is associated with the cardioprotective effect of hexarelin.