In a study by Mariathasan et al., increased levels of TGF-β correlated with a limited response to anti-PD-L1 therapy and that blockade of TGF-β signaling along with administration of anti-PD-L1 therapy resulted in an even greater reduction of TGF-β signaling, increased the penetration of infiltrating T-cells, and a reduction of tumor growth [95]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.