Thus, activation of BN cells with Th1 cells and IL-21 +IL-2 gave rise to a population of T-bethi BDN cells that were phenotypically, transcriptionally and functionally similar to the T-bethi DN2 pre-ASCs that are expanded in SLE patients (Jenks et al., 2018). The gene discussed is IL2; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.