These B cells, which may have been exposed to IFNγ at some step in their developmental process, are present in low numbers in the blood or tonsils of healthy individuals (Ehrhardt et al., 2005) and are reported to be expanded in chronically infected, aging and autoimmune individuals (reviewed in Naradikian et al., 2016), including patients with SLE (Wang et al., 2018; Jenks et al., 2018). Here, IFNG is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.