Alhamdani [52] evaluated the glutathione biosynthetic pathway in advanced uremia and hemodialysis measuring GSH levels and γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) activities in nondialysis, hemodialysis, and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. The gene discussed is GSS; the disease is uremia.