On the other hand, oxidative stress triggers accumulation of ECM in the heart of rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating genes implicated with cardiac fibrosis, like TGF-β, fibronectin, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), apart from activating the NF-κB signaling pathway [76]. The gene discussed is CCN2; the disease is diabetic cardiomyopathy.