TNF and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Interestingly, treatment with TNF-α NA additionally augmented the positive effects of Nrg-1 on NPC proliferation as there was a significant 2.5- and 1.4-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells in PM+Nrg-1 CM+TNF-α NA conditions as compared to cultures treated only with PM and PM+Nrg-1 CM, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA, N = 3 independent cultures) (Figures 4(a)–4(m)).