Decreased expression of genes (TET3, MED12, TGFBR2, TSP1, GRAF1, SPARC, COL3A1, COL4A1, and COL5A2) previously implicated in fibroids was also observed following H19 knockdown in primary human leiomyoma cells (Fig. 1c, left panel, compare white bars with gray bars across all columns), as well as in ht-UtLM, an immortalized human leiomyoma cell line [26] (Fig. 1c, right panel). This evidence concerns the gene COL3A1 and leiomyoma.