SPP1 and cancer: Remarkably, several cancer biomarkers (TNFα, sFasL, TRAIL, prolactin, FGF2, SCF, OPN), which were elevated in the cancer-associated and high diversity/inflammation clusters when compared to the low diversity/inflammation cluster, were also significantly and negatively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance and positively correlated with abnormal vaginal pH and genital inflammation.