Subsequent results of subgroup analyses indicated that study characteristics, such as sample sizes of the cohorts, mean ages of the participants, gender, methods of adiponectin measurements, AF incidences of the study cohorts, or the quality scores of the studies, did not significantly affect the association between adiponectin and new-onset AF (P for subgroup differences, all >0.05, Table 3). Here, ADIPOQ is linked to atrial fibrillation.