NPPA and congestive heart failure: Renal ‘resistance’ to the actions of ANP is a pathophysiological hallmark in CHF and involves perturbations in NPs metabolisms, effector generation and degradation along with physiological antagonism by neurohormonal effectors.32 In this regard, we found that RGZ treatment essentially restored the blunted renal excretory response to ANP infusion in CHF rats,23, 27 probably by ‘sensitizing’ the kidneys to ANP.