CCL2 and infection: CCL2 is readily produced by muscle cells in response to damage, inflammation or infection and potently recruits monocytes and macrophages upon engagement of the highly expressed CCR2 receptor, concomitantly setting up an autocrine amplification of the CCL2 chemokine in the monocytes and macrophages (Cushing et al., 1990; Yoshimura et al., 1989; Chiu et al., 2012).