DSC3 and atrial fibrillation: Using cell pooling for RNA extraction and genome wide microarray analysis another recent study also focused on the molecular discrimination between human AF and NP tissue suggesting six novel NP markers: CDKN2B, ARAP2, ERFE, DSC3, DEFB1, SPTLC3 and five novel AF markers: OLFML2A, ANKRD29, EMCN, ADGRL4 and LDB2 with a significant difference in expression levels between the two tissue types [14].