The study proposed CLDN11, TMEFF2, CA12, ANAX2, CD44, EFNA1, NETO2 and SLC2A1 as NP-specific cell surface markers to assess cellular heterogeneity of NP cells in vivo and suggested CHIC1, COLEC12, LPAR1, LRP4, LRP5 and FZD2 as markers to define cellular heterogeneity in AF cells. Here, LPAR1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.