TLR9 and gastric cancer: Accordingly, TLR9 was found up-regulated in GC tissue and absent in epithelium with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia [32] and TLR9 C-allele, inducing a higher TLR9 expression, was found associated with GC [14], as well as in our series, in high GC risk areas, like Colombia [52], in relatives of GC patients in West of Scotland [14].