MTOR and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Since targeting mTOR was demonstrated as a promising strategy against cancer, several mTOR inhibitors (Temsirolimus, Everolimus, etc.)were approved for treatment of multiple cancers, including advanced breast cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, advanced renal cell carcinoma and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma [29,30,31,32,33,34].