HIF1A and cancer: Most cancer cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) undergo a metabolic shift, enhancing glycolysis and suppressing GO, leading to dysregulation of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS), citrate, and α-ketoglutarate and induction of the proliferation-related signaling pathways, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), voltage-gated potassium channel 1.5 (Kv1.5), and HIF-1α [5,6].