Furthermore, curcumin protects against α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells decreasing cytotoxicity of aggregated α-synuclein, reducing intracellular ROS, and inhibiting caspase-3 activation [119]. In vivo, curcumin significantly alleviated spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mouse model of AD, promoting cholinergic neuronal function [120]. Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.