In addition, a study of 58 patients with stage I-IV NSCLC revealed that NSCLC is associated with higher neutrophil counts (5,425 vs. 3,854 cells/ul, p < 0.001), lower naïve CD4+ (42% CD4+ vs. 28%, p < 0.001) and thus higher NLRs (3.1 vs. 1.95, p < 0.001), as well as higher frequencies of M-MDSCs (6.5% vs. 2.61% cells/ul, p < 0.001) (18). Here, CD4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.