CD4 and tropical spastic paraparesis: Similarly to AC patients and confirming our previous findings (Baratella et al., 2017b) in HAM/TSP PH1509 patient, cells expressing cytoplasmic HBZ were almost exclusively found in the CD4+ T cells compartment (Figure 6B, top panels) and very rarely, less than 1%, in CD8+ T cells (Figure 6B, lower panels).