In Model 1, as a reference for Q1 group, compared with Q3 group, the risk of thyroid nodules decreased (OR = 0.682, 95% CI: 0.481–0.969); after Model 2 corrected FBG, TC, TT3, TT4, and hypertension, the risk of thyroid nodules in Q3 group was still lower than that in Q1 group (OR = 0.560, 95% CI: 0.365–0.860); after further correction of serum IGF-1 by Model 3, the risk of thyroid nodules in Q3 group was still lower than that in Q1 group (OR = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.365–0.864). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and thyroid nodule.