PLEKHS1 and neurofibromatosis: The reported examples when stem-loop structures are causative agents of genome rearrangements include: frequent recurrent translocations in the sperm genomes where the breakpoint occurs within the palindromic AT-rich repeat region [14]; the translocation in the gene NF1 in patients with neurofibromatosis containing palindromic AT-rich repeat region [15]; the recurrently mutated promoter of PLEKHS1 gene that contains an inverted repeat [16].