Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease that results from excessive immune responses to the intestinal microbiota, triggered by a damaged epithelial barrier, changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora, and increased effector T-cell function.12–15 A previous study demonstrated that TRAIL-induced human intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis under inflammatory conditions, while it did not induce enterocyte apoptosis in normal noninflammatory conditions,16 suggesting that TRAIL contributes to the pathogenesis of gut inflammation. Here, TNFSF10 is linked to autoimmune disease.