TNFSF10 and inflammatory response: Although the etiology remains unclear, it is now believed that colitis results from excessive immune responses to the intestinal microbiota which are triggered by increased activity of effector T cells along with changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora, and epithelial barrier damage.12–15,24,25 Both TRAIL and TRAIL-R were shown to be expressed on intestinal tissues,26 but it is not known whether TRAIL plays a role in colonic inflammation.