Interestingly, as well as being an autocrine, TNFα can promote the production of several cytokines, including TNFα itself13, along with the potentially neurotoxic interleukin (IL)610 and IL1β14, as well as IL2 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL1015, which are also upregulated during the course of HD. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Huntington disease.