Studies have also shown that mTOR is deregulated in most human cancers both upstream via the PI3K-AKT pathway and downstream via the 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6 kinase) pathway, all of which make it a target for tumor suppression [26]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cancer.