AKT1 and cancer: Apart from alterations affecting cellular central survival pathways commanded by PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mTOR) pathway, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) phosphatase many other oncogenic and pro-survival kinases including c-Kit, c-MET, c-RET, s-SRC, S6 or AURK (aurora kinases) [97] are frequently mutated or altered in human cancer and are under intense study as targets for cancer treatment [43].