TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Comparison of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the T2DM patients before and after the 48-week treatments showed that TNFα, IL-6, hs-CRP, MDA, and 8-iso-PGF2α of the RSG group were significantly reduced after the 48-week treatment (P < 0.05); whereas SOD and TAC of the RSG group significantly increased after the 48-week treatment (P < 0.05); no significant changes in IL-1β were found in the RSG group after the 48-week treatment (P > 0.05).