GFAP and Parkinson disease: In a progressive MPTP mouse model of PD, Sconce et al. [20] have noticed recovery of motor skills, increased vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) expression, decreased glycosylated dopamine transporter (DAT) expression, reduced levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), and lower levels of the inflammatory marker, component 3 of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc3), and of the astrocytic marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in MPTP/exercised mice as compared to MPTP mice without exercise.