Several studies have demonstrated that the activation of the three Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) isoforms, NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 exerts a neuroprotective action against stroke injury in adult mice (Pignataro et al., 2004a,b; Jeon et al., 2008; Molinaro et al., 2008, 2016) and against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy damage (Cerullo et al., 2018). The gene discussed is SLC8A1; the disease is perinatal asphyxia.