TNF and asthma: In addition, a number of studies confirmed that Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and other inflammatory mediators, particularly TNF-α, were essential for the recruitment of eosinophils, mast cells, and other inflammatory cells into the airway and promotion of goblet cell metaplasia and hyperplasia, resulting in airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma in both human and animals [1, 2].