TNF and pulmonary tuberculosis: He showed that TNF-α gene 308G/A could increase the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis which was first discovered by Pantelidis et al. [37], but Selvaraj et al. [38] and Vejbaesya et al. [39] had not found that there was an association between TNF-α gene polymorphism and bone-joint tuberculosis in Indian and Thai populations.