Other upregulated transcripts encode toll-like receptors and their downstream effectors, such as TLR3, TLR5, RIPK2, and IRF7. In addition, some of the most highly upregulated genes in overtly fibrotic MPN included downstream targets of interferon signaling (IFIT1 and MX1; both upregulated 3.5-fold). Here, TLR5 is linked to myeloproliferative disorder.