PTPN11 and cancer: PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 with two tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, a PTP domain, and a C-terminal tail, is positively engaged in a variety of intracellular cell signaling cascades and is well-characterized as an oncogene in hematologic malignancies and other solid tumors (33).