MAPK1 and neoplasm: Studies have reported that cancer derived exosomes promote tumor growth by directly activating the signaling pathways responsible for sustaining the tumor proliferation such as P13K/AKT (phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) or MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase).65–68