ADRB1 and heart failure: There were no effects upon the three cardiac, α1A, α1B, and α1D (Adra1a, Adra1b, and Adra1d) adrenergic receptor subtypes, thought to protect against pathological remodeling in heart failure (O’Connell et al., 2013) or β1 and β2- adrenergic receptor subtypes (Adrb1 and Adrb2).