SIRT1 and Insulin resistance: The SIRT1 activation by RES improves palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, ameliorates the HG-induced impairment of HUVECs, induces mitochondrial biogenesis in aortic endothelial cells of db/db mice, and improves aortic dysfunction in diabetic mice (Csiszar et al., 2009; Zhou et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016).