In humans, deficiency in folates, in which NAT1 is implicated, is often associated with many congenital malformations including palate clefts (Wahl et al. 2015), and some mutations in both NAT1 and NAT2 have been associated with this condition (Song et al. 2013; Santos et al. 2015). The gene discussed is NAT2; the disease is cleft palate.