INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Based on the validated gene targets of T2DM affected miRNAs in whole plasma, EVs, and EV-depleted plasma, we observed enrichment of biological pathways that are potentially associated with T2DM pathophysiology, including those related to glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and the TGFβ/BMP and Notch signaling pathways (Figure 8).