GNAQ and Prader-Willi syndrome: In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of the genetic mutations of GNAQ and PI3K and their roles in activation of MAPK/PI3K in the pathogenesis and progression of PWS/SWS as well as the development of anti-angiogenesis in combination with pulsed dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of PWS/SWS.